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| Extreme weather event | Weather events that are rare at a particular place and time of year. When an extreme weather pattern persists for some time, such as a season, it can be classified as an extreme weather event, especially if it generates an average or total that is itself extreme (e.g., drought or severe rainfall over a season). |
| Exhibition | The presence of people, livelihoods, environmental services and resources, infrastructure or economic, social or cultural assets in places that could be negatively affected. |
| Heatwave | A period of six days when the maximum air temperature is 5ºC higher than the average value of daily maximum temperatures in the reference period (1961-1990). |
| Risk | Probability of occurrence of an event multiplied by the impact caused by that event. |
| Urban heat island | Thermal contrast phenomenon in which the air temperature is higher in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas. There are several reasons why the air temperature in cities is higher than in rural areas: cement and asphalt tend to reduce the reflectivity of cities, increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the ground and reducing evapotranspiration; pollution, the heat released in industrial processes, the air conditioning of houses, transport vehicles, are also factors that contribute to this overheating.. |
| Climate vulnerability | The degree to which a system is susceptible to and unable to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. |
| Nature-based solutions | Nature-inspired and supported climate adaptation solutions that are cost-effective, deliver simultaneous environmental, social and economic benefits and help build resilience. |
